A study on generation of energy using poultry litter | |
| Author | Chattha, Shahzad Haider |
| Call Number | AIT Proj. no.PM-EBM-13-09 |
| Subject(s) | Electric power production Poultry |
| Note | A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Professional Master in Energy Business Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | |
| Abstract | Besidesthe fact that Pakistan has limited fossilfuelresources the two third of total power is being generated through imported fossil fuels. Due to continuous rise of oilprices in international market and power shortage of 3 to 5.5GW at national levelthe masses are facing long power outages and unable to afford the high cost of electricity.The livestock industry especially broiler farming in Pakistan is also facing serious crises due to high production cost having roots in frequent power interruptions and high energy cost.A study is conducted for alternate renewable cheaper energy source to produce energy to meet the CHP requirements of the farm through indigenous farm litter. An overview of the literature, studies and feasibility reports are made to assess the technical viability, efficiency, maturity and commercial availability of different technological processes. The combustion is found technically and economically viable at large scale but not commercially available at small scale, whereas gasification facing technical challenges like elimination of tar from syngas and ash slagging etc. causing frequent operation shutdowns for the case of litter. The AD is found technically viable for litter and has low energy potential for mesophilic sole digestion as compared to thermophilic co-digestion.For economic viability of AD at farm level, the CGH broiler farm is selected. The annual litter quantity, heat and power requirements, unit cost of heat and power from diesel generation, unit cost of utility power and market value of the litter are computed through farms data whereas the litter composition and analysis, heating values, fertilizer value, energy potential, % of TS, %VS of TS, %VS destruction, Specific biogas generation rate, heat rate of generator and costs etc. are all assessed through literature review.The two different scenarios-typical and optimistic-are developed for cost analysis and found in both cases the projects are not feasible for 20 years lifespan and 15% minimum rate of return. The unit cost of heat and power is calculated Rs.2.88/MJ & Rs.23.28/kWh for typical case and Rs.2.42/MJ & Rs.17.96/kWh for optimistic case respectively. In both cases the unit cost of power from biogas is more than the utility supply unit cost (Rs.16/kWh) and less than the unit cost of diesel generation (Rs.33/kWh), whereas the unit cost of heat generation from biogas is less than the unit cost of diesel generation (Rs.3.47/MJ).Thus in the cost analysis of both cases if the revenue from electricity is calculated from unit cost of diesel generation (Rs.33/kWh) instead of unit cost of utility/grid supply (Rs.16/kWh), then both are economically feasible but later one is more feasible than first one. Moreover if all the biogas is used for heat generation then also both are economically feasible due to high conversion efficiency of heatproduction as compared to power production in both scenarios.In the first case the litter has not enough potential to meet the CHP requirements of the farm but in later case the litter not only meets the CHP requirements but excess of power is availablefor sale to utility. The economic viability is totally dependent on two factors particularly in this specific case that either you want to replace the diesel generation of power or utility supply and secondly either sole heat, sole power or CHP is produced for application and moreover if CHP is the case then what is the ratio of heat and power. If heat requirements dominate the power requirements in MJ then case move to the side of economic viability and vice versa. |
| Year | 2013 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | |
| Type | Project |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) + School of Management (SOM) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Energy Business Management (Professional Master) (PM-EBM) |
| Chairperson(s) | Salam, P. Abdul |
| Examination Committee(s) | Kumar, S.;Marpaung, Charles O. P. |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | World Bank (EDSMAT) |
| Degree | Project (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2013 |