Energy poverty assessment of rural households : a case study in Zalun township, in Ayeyarwaddy division in Myanmar | |
| Author | Yin Min Aye |
| Call Number | AIT RSPR no.ET-16-03 |
| Subject(s) | Rural development--Myanmar Energy development-- |
| Note | A research submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Energy |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | |
| Abstract | The rest 84% of households in rural Myanmar have no electricity networks, perpetuating poverty, creating hardship and stalling development. 65% of rural populations depend on traditional biomass for cooking, lighting and heating (World Bank 2015). The major goal of this study is to identify the status of energy poverty and sustainable resource options to satisfy basic energy services in rural households in Myanmar. This study mainly based on a household survey conducted in Kyone Sha (on-grid) and Tha Phan Gone (off-grid) villages in Zalun Township, Myanmar. This paper finds the energy access scenario of rural households from three different perspectives, energy expenditure, energy poverty and barriers of sustainable energy access. It was found that differential of percentage share of total energy cost on income between the different income levels is linked to households’ income and their energy consumption units. Usually, lowest income group (30000MMK) percentage share in total income is higher than other different level of income groups for lighting, cooking and transportation. Energy consumption is not different compared to other high level income groups although their income is low. The findings show that 4%, 57% and 39% sampled households are in Tier 0, Tier 2 and Tier 3 for usability of electricity access and 4%, 5%, 19%, 58%, 10% and 5% are in Tier 0 to Tier 5 for use of electricity service in Kyone Sha Village. Also 69% of households and 31% of households are in Tier 0 and Tier 4 for access to cooking. In off-grid village (Tha Phan Gone), 55% and 45 % are in Tier 0 and Tier 1 for usability of electricity supply and 55%, 12% and 33% are in Tier 0, Tier 1 and Tier 2 for use of electricity service in term of access to electricity. 100 % households are in Tier 0 for access to cooking. According to IEA’s minimum threshold level for rural household (250 kWh /HH/YR), 28 % of households fall under poverty line and 72% of households fall above poverty line in Kyone Sha village and 100% of households from Tha Phan Gone fall under poverty line. In Kyone Sha village, 17% households answered the high initial capital cost, 32% households answered the on-grid electricity, 10% and 23% households answered lack of knowledge and lack of technologies respectively and 18% households answered low income. In Tha Phan Gone village, low income and high initial capital cost are the barriers for their households for solar system. The government should invest more in renewable energy initiatives for rural area as well as enforcing and revising the current policies on rural energy access since the country has lack of institutional framework. It was found that the rural community has lack of knowledge on sustainable energy and it becomes barriers for sustainable energy access in rural villages. National scale program should be creates the awareness training for renewable energy access and sustainable environments. Development of existing renewable energy with proper infrastructure and the use of efficient technology are optional through this study to meet the recent and the future electricity demand of households in Kyone Sha village and Tha Phan Gone village. |
| Year | 2016 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | |
| Type | Research Study Project Report (RSPR) |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Energy Technology (ET) |
| Chairperson(s) | Dhakal, Shobhakar |
| Examination Committee(s) | Salam, P. Abdul;Aumnad Phdungsilp |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Asian Institute of Technology Fellowship |
| Degree | Research report (M. Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2016 |