Assessment of current and projected air pollution emission from the bus fleet in Ho Chi Minh City | |
| Author | Nguyen Hong Ky |
| Call Number | AIT RSPR no.EV-12-02 |
| Subject(s) | Air--Pollution--Vietnam--Ho Chi Minh City Motor vehicle fleets--Vietnam--Ho Chi Minh City--Environmental aspects |
| Note | A research study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering (Professional) in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | |
| Abstract | Air pollution due to road traffic activities in Vietnam urban areas is projected to increase in the future. The roadmap to implement the emission control for automobiles in Vietnam has a big time gap between levels: Euro 2 level applied since 2007 while Euro 4 standard will be applied 10 years later. This study aims to analyzethe characteristics of bus fleet in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)and conduct emission inventory. The specific data of the fleet were collected by questionnaires, field surveys and from relevant agencies. Different emission reduction scenarios are considered. Scenario 1: following of the current road-map, Euro 4 standard will be enforced from Jan 1st, 2017. Scenario 2: Enforce Euro 3 standard to all vehicle types from Jan 1st, 2015; ban the urban buses over 15 years of age. Scenario 3: Enforce Euro 4 standard to all vehicle types 2 year earlier than road-map (from Jan 1st, 2015); ban the urban buses over 15 years of age. All buses in HCMC use diesel fuel and are equipped with heavy-duty engines. Only 34% of them are complied with Euro 2 standard.The average annual vehicle kilometer travelled (VKT)is 50,962km/year/bus. The average number of bus start-ups is 12.6 times/day. The emission inventory of the pollutants including CO, VOC, NOx, SOx, PM, 1,3-Butadiene, Acetaldehyde, Formaldehyde, NH3 and Benzene as well as GHGs CO2 and N2O in tonnes for bus fleet in HCMC in base year 2011 were 802; 200; 1,962; 13.3;251; 0.3; 1.7; 4.6; 4; 2.2; 130,598 and 0.9, respectively. If implement Euro 3 standard from beginning of 2015, the emissions of main pollutants as CO, NOx, PM and HC will respectively reduce 83.5% (by 981 tonnes), 65.3% (by 1,876 tonnes), 79.3% (by 292 tonnes) and 77.3% (by 236 tonnes) in 2015. If implement Euro 4 standard from 2015, the reduction amount of above pollutants will be 1,023; 2,375; 330 and 248 tonnes in that year. The emission of CO2 in scenarios 2 and 3 will also reduce more than 50% compared with scenario 1 in 2015.This study proposes to implement the emission Euro 4 standard earlier than current road map by two years for bus fleet in HCMC. Further studies should include the estimation of emission factors, emission inventory for air pollutants from all types of road vehicles in HCMC. The evaluation of economic effects due to the emission reduction from mobile sources and studies on the effects of air pollution to the health of city’s community should also be conducted.The information can be considered by the policy makers to make the economic development policies in accordance with actual conditions, concurrently with strict control of air pollutants emitted from mobile source in the city |
| Year | 2012 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | |
| Type | Research Study Project Report (RSPR) |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering and Management (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Visvanathan, Chettiyappan;Preeda Parkpian; |
| Degree | Research Studies Project Report (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2012 |