| Abstract | Large quantities of agricultural residues have been burnt or used improperly in Kampong Cham province which results in environmental pollution and lose of benefit. The overall objective of this study was to assess the current s ituation concerning the agricultural residues management in Kampong Cham province and to evaluate the potential uses in the region for sustainability in farming systems. The potential biomass resources from agricultural residues and animal waste, which includes other purpose uses and lose of those residues, could produce potential energy up to 17,084 TJ in 2007. This potential energy was equivalent to electricity, fuelwood, charcoal, LPG and kerosene with the amounts of 4,746 GWh, 1,166,1 40 tons, 588,490 tons, 474,550 tons and 408,120 tons, respectively. In addition, the nutrient content in selected crop residues generated in 2007 was 5,602 tons of nitrogen, 599 tons of phosphorus and 5,796 tons of potassium. Meanwhile, the nutrient content in animal waste was 5,055 tons of nitrogen, 2,629 tons of phosphorus and 2,426 tons of potassium. With regard to agricultural residues management of respondents, some field work were conducted with respect of farm scales small, medium and large farms; the majority of agricultural residues were burnt and used with other ways such as mulch, compost, small plant cover, seed and direct combustion. Modern technologies and knowhow were not available in the area as proposed in the study such as briquetting, gasification and paper making within the farm scales. Based on results of cost benefit analysis, composting of residues was recommended as first option, followed by mulching and briquetting. The technologies that were not recommended such as gasification and paper due to some constraints in raw materials supplies and lack of technical skills available in the area. Based on the SWOT analysis it can be concluded that there are available residues in the province, but the supply is according to the season of cropping. In addition, there is lack of capital investment, knowledge and technology awareness in the study area. However, there is a potential of generating income from crop resid ues in addition to crop production. |