| Author | Noratat Hutasith Prachom |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.AQ-09-08 |
| Subject(s) | Tilapia--Feeding and feeds
|
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aquacultu re and Aquatic Resources Management, School of Environment, Resources and Development |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. AQ-09-08 |
| Abstract | Feather meal is a by-product of poultry meat processing. Although raw feather can be converted to feedstuff by proper processing, there is still some limitation, such as essential amino acid imbalance. This limitation can be overcome by supplementation of limiting amino acid (lysine). Subsequently, feather meal can reasonably replace fishmeal in aquaculture feeds including tilapia diets. Moreover, this alternative protein source may lower the feed cost. A 112 days study comprised of four experiments was conducted to examine the effects of total replacement of fishmeal (FM) by enzyme treated feather meal (ETFM) with and without supplementing essential amino acid (L-lysine HCl) in all male sex-reversed Thai red tilapia (0. niloticus x 0. mossambicus) and to evaluate the digestibility coefficients of crude protein and essential amino acids of the enzyme treated feather meal (ETFM) in Thai red tilapia. In experiment 1 and 3, juvenile fish with an average weight of 6.08 ± 0.21 g fish⁻¹ and advanced juveniles with an average weight of 39.81 ± 0.59 g fish⁻¹ were hand-fed until visual satiety of the isoenergetic (16.8 MJ digestible energy.kg⁻¹) and isoproteic (31% of digestible protein) experimental diets to visual satiety, three times a day (08:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hours) in three replicate concrete tanks with water recirculating system. The control diet containing fishmeal (F) was formulated and substituted by ETFM 50%; F/ETFM (50/50), 75%; F/ETFM (25/75) and 100%; F/ETFM (0/1 00). The supplementation of lysine moreover, was employed at levels to simulate the amino acid requirement of Nile tilapia (NRC, 1993) in the experiment 1. For the experiment 3 was conducted to verify the potential of ETFM based diets with and without supplementing lysine in advanced juvenile phase. F/ETFM (50/50), F/ETFM (25/75) and F/ETFM (0/100) without supplementing lysine were used to be the control diets. Particularly, experiment 2 and 4 were conducted to evaluate and compare the digestibility of ETFM in Thai red tilapia, juveniles and advanced juveniles. Survival did not differ over this study (P>0.05). The growth performance showed a progressively reduction with increasing ETFM levels in the juvenile phase. By contrast fish fed ETFM up to 75 and 100% showed better in feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the other groups (P< 0.05). In experiment 3, the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) did not significantly differ (P> 0.05) between fish fed diets with supplementing lysine within the group of fish fed diets with supplementing lysine. Significant difference in growth and feed conversion ratio were observed among the group of fish fed diets with and without supplementing lysine (P< 0.05). Apparent digestibility (ADC) of crude protein (CP) and essential amino acids (lysine, methionine and histidine) increases significantly when fish grew from juvenile to advanced juvenile. Results showed that ETFM could be incorporated up to 50% in diets of juvenile Thai red tilapia which corresponds to a reduction of 50% F in F/ETFM (50/50) diet without compromising growth or feed conversion ratio. Moreover, ETFM could totally replace F in diets with supplementing a limiting amino acid (lysine) of advanced juvenile Thai red tilapia without compromising growth or feed conversion ratio. Apparent digestibility (ADC) of crude protein (CP) and essential amino acids (lysine, methionine and histidine) were affected by fish size. The data provide more information concerning nutrient utilization of Thai red tilapia. Furthermore, ETFM may represent as an alternative source of animal protein in a commercial aquaculture feed, which can economically lower the price of feed production. |
| Year | 2009 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | Asian Institute of Technology. Thesis ; no. AQ-09-08 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (Former title: Department of Food Agriculture, and BioResources (DFAB)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management (AQ) |
| Chairperson(s) | Amararatne Yakupitiyage |
| Examination Committee(s) | Amrit Bart;Wenresti Gallardo |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | The Royal Thai Government;AIT Fellowship |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2009 |