Energy and evironmental implications of passenger transport in Yangon, Myanmar | |
| Author | Ye Thu Win |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.ET-15-01 |
| Subject(s) | Energy development--Environmental aspects Environmental impact analysis--Myanmar Transportation--Myanmar |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Energy |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | The demand for energy in passenger transport sector in Yangon has increased rapidly during the last few years due to changes in automobile importing policy. Moreover, there are growing economic activities and population in Yangon never happened in history before. As a result, traffic congestion, road accidents, parking problems and air quality are worsening. In addition to those, lack of proper transport management system, public transport infrastructure and insufficient road capacity are adding growing energy demand and environmental problems of Yangon transport sector. This study has focused on energy demand and emission of CO2 and local air pollutants from passenger transport sector of Yangon from 2011 to 2014. Five alternative scenarios have been developed and analyzed to examine the energy and environmental implications of transport sector up to 2035 using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning System (LEAP) model. Possible barriers for alternative scenarios are identified and ranked based on local stakeholders’ opinions. There is a modal shift happening between 2001 and 2014 in which about 9% public buses’ share has been substituted by passenger cars while train modal share is almost stable at 2% level in terms of passenger-km. Gasoline passenger cars contribute the highest energy demand and emissions, followed by diesel passenger cars, followed by CNG buses, and then by CNG passenger cars and diesel train. In 2014, total passenger transport energy demand is about 38 thousands TJ, CO2equivalent emission is 2,640 kilotons and CO, NMVOC and NOx emission are 175,32,19 kilotons respectively. If there is no policy intervention, energy demand can reach up to 64 TJ in 2035. Again gasoline passenger vehicles contributes the most in energy demand and emission. GHG emission can reach to 4,440 kilotons CO2 equivalent and CO, NMVOC and NOx emission are 290, 54, 34 kilotons respectively in 2035.Among five alternative scenarios, promotion of local railways both in terms of diesel and electric train is a good option to consider as those scenarios can reduce energy demand and air pollutants quite reasonably. Efficiency gain scenario is also a good for mitigation of emission and energy demand. However it requires aggressive measures by the government to improve the efficiency of passenger vehicles. Maximum potential scenario is the most powerful one, however, integrated approach between different scenarios are very important to achieve it. Institutional and policy barrier is the most challenged barrier to overcome based on local stakeholder’s opinion. This barrier is the most difficult barrier to overcome to implement alternative scenarios due to complex organization structure of Yangon passenger transport sector. Financial barrier follows the second, land resource barrier the third and, human resource barrier and legal barrier are the least important barriers to consider. |
| Year | 2015 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Energy Technology (ET) |
| Chairperson(s) | Dhakal, Shobhakar |
| Examination Committee(s) | Vilas Nitivattananon;Phdungsilp, Aumand; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2015 |