| Author | May Thida Maung |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.ET-16-02 |
| Subject(s) | Dwellings--Energy consumption--Myanmar--Mandalay
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| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Energy |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | To promote sustainable energy use, it is essential to have a baseline study of the current residential energy use in urban Mandalay. The energy use pattern in urban Mandalay was established by using bottom-up engineering approach where the required data was collected using household survey in Mandalay city. The residential energy use pattern was analyzed after estimating the annual electricity and cooking fuel consumption according to different household types and different income groups. The potentials for saving energy were estimated considering energy consumption pattern, capital investment and payback period of identified energy saving options, and avoided electricity generation. Some energy saving options were implemented in five surveyed households and the estimated and actual electricity consumption of the households before and after implementation were analyzed. Based on the findings from the survey and implementation, policies and mechanisms for sustainable energy use in urban Mandalay is suggested. In urban Mandalay, 91% of households have electricity access to the grid and others have access to electricity through diesel generator service, from nearby house and battery charging service. Low income households spend 9% of income on residential energy use while high income households spend 4 % of income on residential energy use. The expenditure on transportation energy use for the households was around 22% for low income households and around 10% for high income households. Nearly 80% of households in urban Mandalay use electricity for cooking. Cooking, lighting and cooling contribute to 75 % of energy consumption. Appliances such as rice cooker, fluorescent light, electric pan, and fan are popular in urban Mandalay. The potential for energy saving can be high by improving the efficiency of appliance for lighting, cooking and cooling. However, replacement of appliance for cooking and cooling is not easy due to the high initial cost of the appliances. Implementation on energy saving measures was done in households by replacing the lighting appliance with more efficient lighting. Although up to 45% of electricity required for lighting was reduced, the overall saving in household energy consumption was around 10% due to the low share of lighting in household electricity consumption. People have less interest for implementation for energy savings since the electricity tariff is low in Myanmar. The tariff structure should be improved to encourage people for reducing energy use as around 25% of the population in Myanmar have access to electricity yet (ADB, 2013) and the extra revenue from the increase of tariff can be used for establishing new power plants in Myanmar. Since most of the appliance are imported from Thailand and China, educating public through the media campaign, posters and advertisement about these energy labels and energy efficiency might be more effective for sustainable energy use than waiting till the energy labelling system is established in Myanmar. Moreover, the availability of energy efficient lighting system such as T5 fluorescent lamps and good quality LED bulbs are limited in urban Mandalay. The government should promote the energy efficient lighting by using tax incentives. The avoided electricity generation and investment savings can be used for households which don’t have access to electricity yet. |
| Year | 2016 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Energy Technology (ET) |
| Chairperson(s) | Kumar, Sivanappan; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Salam, Abdul P.;Mohanty, Brahmanand;Dhakal, Shobhakar; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2016 |