Assessment of sustainability of the proposed eco-city of Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) with a focus on wastewater management | |
| Author | Malabeja, Michael D. |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.ET-SUD-16-03 |
| Subject(s) | Sustainable urban development Wetlands--Environmental aspects City planning--Environmental aspects Water quality management--Tanzania |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Management with specialization in Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development Jointly offered by the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand and UNESCO–IHE, The Netherlands |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | The main objective of this study was to assess the Sustainability of the Wastewater Management in Proposed Kigamboni eco-city. The study, reviewed the eco-city master plan by considering three alternatives of wastewater management including the centralized WWM using MBR technology and Decentralized system using Anaerobic Digester (AD), Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP), and Constructed Wetland (CW) and a hybrid or combined system. In addition, the study also analysed performance of existing wastewater treatment system in Kigamboni area, the Anaerobic Baffled Reactors (ABR), and Constructed Wetland (CW). To evaluate the master plan, a set of criteria and indicators were developed based on social, economic and environmental dimensions. The set criteria were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy process to compare and rank different alternatives of wastewater technologies suitable for Kigamboni eco-city. The result showed that, master plan recommended the centralized MBR technology for the wastewater management and treatment for the new-eco city of Kigamboni. However, Sustainability issues of wastewater were not fully addressed in the master plan for new eco-city. There was no detailed social, Environment and economy analysis for the selected technology. Although the MBR technology is one of the best technology, its selection for the proposed city of Kigamboni city was made without prior evaluation for its sustainability for this particular city. Sustainability analysis made during this study based on AHP showed 38.87%, 36.28 and 24.86% for decentralized or biological technology, Hybrid and centralized MBR respectively. MBR has scored low on sustainability compared to other technologies such as Anaerobic Baffled Reactors (ABR) and Constructed Wetlands (CWs). The low result is mainly contributed with a fact that, MBR will have high economic impacts, this arising from its higher investments cost related to construction, operation and maintenance. MBR as an imported technology was found to feature a number of climate compatibility limitations, including excessive demand of electrical energy, which make it unsustainable in such countries as Tanzania. Furthermore, the MBR’s operation and maintenance largely depend on imported resources rather than those locally available. Being advanced sophisticated technology the proposed MBR is locally thought to be difficult to be served by local expertise. Although the design and construction was made properly for existing ABR and CWs, operation and maintenance was poor. The treatment plant was overloaded up to three times of its capacity. The observed average effluent concentration of TSS (384mg/l), BOD5 (90), NH4-N (6.3), PO4 (14.7 mg/l) and FC (4.2x106/100ml) this result testifies an inferior standard of treatment caused by mismanaged operation and management. Since MBR was found to be unsustainable for this eco-city, a sequence of different combination of natural WWT is proposed to optimize the quality of effluent for the proposed eco-city. An integration of wastewater system that capture the community need is more preferred for eco-city setting, as an example provision for reuse of treated wastewater can be integrated with urban agriculture activities. Such integration could help the nutrient recycling, in which the nutrients are returned into the environment. These alternatives should be supposed to be integrated in the existing natural wetland, swamps, marsh and other ecosystem wastewater treatment. |
| Year | 2016 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Energy Technology (ET) |
| Chairperson(s) | Shipin, Oleg V.;Douven, Wim; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Annachhatre, Ajit P.;Rene, Eldon Raj; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Netherlands Fellowship Program (NFP); |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2016 |