Atmospheric deposition fluxes of selected air pollutants near the Songkhla Lake, Thailand | |
| Author | Kosin Incharoan |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-13-07 |
| Subject(s) | Air--Pollution--Thailand--Songkhla Lake Atmospheric deposition--Thailand--Songkhla Lake |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. EV-13-07 |
| Abstract | A study on atmospheric deposition of particulate matter and particulate ionic species was conducted near the upper Songkhla Lake (Lampam Lake) in the Phatthalung province, Thailand during November, 2012 to February, 2013. The airborne concentration were sampled by Hi-Vol PUF sampler 24 hr sampling period for TSP and eight stage cascade impactor for size segregated PM10. Three deposition flux sample were collected. The average TSP concentrations in this study were found in the range of 17±2, 42±12 and 33±18 μg/m³ for first, second and third sampling period, respectively. Average PM10 levels collected on eight stage cascade were in the range of 34±11 μg/m³. The size distributions between coarse (>2.1 μm) and fine (<2.1 μm) fraction were about 62 and 38 %, consequently. PM10: TSP ratio was higher than 0.5, it is about 0.78 and 0.58 for second and third period, respectively. The ratio indicated that the fraction of PM10 was quite high. The dry deposition flux was measured directly using the Noll dry deposition plate collector with Apezion grease coated Mylar strips. Average PM mass fluxes were in the range of 300-700 mg/m²-day at 3 meter above ground level. Fluxes on dry deposition plate at 1 meter level were in the range of 60-550 mg/m²-day.Average dry deposition fluxes of particulate ionic species fluctuated in a wide range of 0.01 –1,564 μg/m²-day depending on the species. The maximum fluxes associated with PM were found for sulfate ion and minimum for phosphate ion. The possible of long range transport of air pollutants was studied by backward trajectories which generated by HYSPLIT model. The deposition velocity (Vd) of mass and ionic species associated with PM were calculated from the measured fluxes and their airborne level. The deposition velocities of TSP mass were in the range of 1.8 to 6.1 cm/sec while that of PM10 was 0.01-9.60 cm/s, the increasing with particle size, except for PM with diameter of 0.4-0.7 μm, which had a the slightly larger deposition velocity maybe because of Brownian motion. For ionic species associated with PM, the dry deposition velocities of particulate (TSP) were found generally below 1 cm/s for Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+ and Mg2+ in the range of 0.10-0.30, 0.02-0.04, 0.19-0.69, 0.17-0.28 and 0.10-0.14 except for NH4+, K+ and Ca2+ which had higher Vd (>1 cm/s) in the range of 2.91-12.20, 0.24-1.00 and 0.10-1.54 , respectively. Vd of ions associated with PM10 were found to be < 1cm/s for Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Mg2+ and Ca2+, whereas there were observed to be >1 cm/s for NH4+ and K+. While Na+ had Vd close to 1 cm/s. |
| Year | 2013 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Nguyen, Thi Kim Oanh; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Annachhatre, Ajit P.;Thammarat Koottatep;Thongchai Kanabkeaw; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Royal Thai Government;Asian Institute of Technology Fellowship; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2013 |