| Author | Khing Thwe Oo |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-14-05 |
| Subject(s) | Air--Pollution--Myanmar--Yangon
|
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. EV-14-05 |
| Abstract | In this study, monitoring for particulate matter (PM) was conducted in Yangon City during a dry season period from November 2013 to February 2014, at two sites, 1) Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) to represent the populated city center and 2) the Myanmar Convention Center (MCC) to represent a green area. At each sampling site, three MinVol samplers were used to simultaneously collect 24 h PM2.5 (on both and quartz filter and mixed cellulosed filters) and PM10 samples (on quartz filter or mixed cellulosed filters alternatively). The sampling was started at YCDC and was done for 10 days during which 3 consecutive sampling days was followed by a non-sampling day. After the first 10 days sampling in YCDC site, the MinVol samplers were moved to the MCC site for another 10 day monitoring. Then the samplers were moved back to YCDC for sampling again. After excluding the samples with the collection time less than 20 hours the total number of valid samples were 56 for PM2.5 and 22 for PM10 samples collected in YCDC as compared to the 27 for PM2.5 and 12 for PM10 samples collected at MCC. Meteorological data was also collected during the monitoring periods. After sampling, all samples were shipped to AIT in Bangkok, Thailand and analyzed for mass concentration using microbalance, black carbon (BC) using OT21 and water soluble ions by Ion Chromatography. Overall, PM10 mass concentrations at YCDC site was higher than those at MCC site (70 ±21 vs. 64 ±15 μg/m³ ). However, PM 2.5 levels were unexpectedly found higher in the MCC site (51± 17μg/m³ ) than the YCDC site (40±21μg/m³ ). This was because the higher PM2.5 levels measured at MCC in February when solid waste open burning took place near this sampling site. For BC concentration, YCDC had higher levels than MCC for both IR and UV BC. The IR BC value of PM10 and PM2.5 at YCDC site were 6.46 μg/m³ and 4.86 μg/m³ , respectively, as compared to the corresponding levels of IR BC at MCC site 6.12 μg/m³ and 4.63 μg/m³ respectively. The reconstructed mass of PM2.5 and PM10 indicated the major contributing mass groups being organic matter-biomass (OM-biomass, estimated based on K+levels) and soot (BC) in both sites. The chemical mass balance (CMB 8.2) results revealed the largest contribution to PM2.5 and PM10 mass in YCDC from diesel of 16.7% and 13.5%, respectively, while the highest contributor to PM2.5 and PM10 mass in MCC were biomass of 26.4% and 25.9%, followed by diesel 18.2% and 12.2% respectively. Other high contributors at both sites are secondary particles, soil and construction. PM10 has higher contributions from soil as compared to PM2.5 at both sites. In PM10, there is construction source which do not appear in PM2.5. However, due to the lack of elemental and OC data the unexplained mass was found significant for sites. Longer sampling periods should be conducted to obtain representative PM levels and composition in Yangon. |
| Year | 2014 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering and Management (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Nguyen, Thi Kim Oanh; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Annachhatre, Ajit P. ;Hathairatana Garivait; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2014 |