Air quality and climate co-benefits of optimistic scenarios for vehicle fleets in Bangkok Metropolitan Region | |
| Author | Kwanchanok Siangjun |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-14-07 |
| Subject(s) | Air quality--Thailand--Bangkok Climatic changes--Thailand--Bangkok |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. EV-14-07 |
| Abstract | Traffic emission contributes substantial amounts of air pollutants and climate forcing agents. This study attempted to quantify emission from vehicle fleet (personal cars, motorcycles and trucks) in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) by using International Vehicle Emission (IVE) model. Questionnaires, GPS surveys, and video recordings were used to collect vehicular activity data. The distribution of vehicle technologies of the vehicle fleet in BMR was surveyed. The average vehicle kilometer traveled (VKT) for each type of vehicles was calculated by regression analysis between odometer readings and age of vehicles. The emission factors (EF) produced by IVE model under the current driving and meteorological conditions in BMR were used to prepare the emission for the base case of 2013 and for two optimistic scenarios; (1) Euro IV technology implementation for the entire fleet, and (2) CNG fuel for truck. The result of questionnaire surveys showed that the average age of personal cars and motorcycles and trucks was 5.3, 5.7 and 6.2 years, respectively. Obtained EFs for vehicle fleets in BMR were compared with EFs generated for other cities. For truck, EFs were compared to those measured by chassis dynamometer testing in the PCD laboratory. In 2013, the obtained total emissions of major pollutants in metric kilotonnes (thousand tonnes) from the three considered vehicle types were 1,184, 14.8, 8.5, 6.9, and 1.8 for CO₂, CO, NOx, VOC, and PM, respectively. The scenario with assumption that all vehicle fleet was complying with the Euro IV technology (Euro IV for PC and trucks while MC would be 4-strock engine equipped with fuel injection) showed the reduction in total emission of common air pollutants by 53%, for global warming potential (GWP) in 20-year CO₂ equivalent by 50%, and in O₃ forming potential by 93%. The scenario that assumed the use CNG for 100% truck fleet in BMR while other vehicles remained as in the base year of 2013 showed a reduction of total emission of common air pollutants by 15%, of 20-year GWP by 25%, and of O₃ forming potential by 1.8%. Thus, the application of Euro IV standard for the vehicle fleets and clean motorcycle fleet in BMR, as in the Euro IV scenario, would gain both more benefit to air quality and climate mitigation, i.e. co-benefit. By using the EFs of bus, van, and taxi obtained from a previous study, the emission for all fleet in 2013 were estimated. The overall common air pollutant emissions and climate forcer emission as CO₂-eq in metric kilotonnes were 34.4, and 2,182, respectively. |
| Year | 2014 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Nguyen, Thi Kim Oanh; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Annachhatre, Ajit P.;Shipin, Oleg V.; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Asian Institute of Technology Fellowship; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2014 |