Development of emission inventory for major anthropogenic source categories in Greater Yangon area, Myanmar | |
| Author | Khine Mar Kyaw |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-17-06 |
| Subject(s) | Air quality management--Myanmar--Yangon Air--Pollution--Myanmar--Yangon |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. EV-17-06 |
| Abstract | EI is used as powerful air quality management tool to collect baseline data, to develop management strategies for tracking emissions control, and is also applied in air quality modeling and assessment. In Myanmar, national air quality standard (NAAQS) has not been established yet and there is lack of regulations for emission control. There is no EI conducted for anthropogenic source categories in Myanmar. Therefore, this study presents an emission inventory (EI) for major anthropogenic sources of Greater Yangon Area, Myanmar in 2015. This EI was developed with comprehensive activity data collected at the district level to produce spatially and temporally distributed emission of pollutants by utilizing a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches. The sources were grouped into: thermal power plants, industrial activities, fuel stations, crop residue open burning, transportation, and residential cooking and municipal solid waste open burning. Surveys were conducted to obtain the bottom up related activity data for emission estimation, i.e. actual fuel consumption, industrial productivity, fuel sale volume, crop production and other applicable information. Total number of collected questionnaires was 124 consisting of all 4 power plants, 75 industries and 45 fuel stations. The data obtained from the survey were then statistically analyzed. The best estimation of the 2015 emissions in Greater Yangon Area, in ton, of toxic pollutants were 9986 for SO₂, 20153 for NOx, 313566 for CO, 8216 for NMVOC, 2239 for NH3, 7760 for PM10, 6382 for PM2.5, 6033891 for CO₂, 7807 for CH4, 224 for N2O, 2061 for BC and 1618 for OC. The power plant’s emission contributed around 1% of the total emission for all species. The industrial activities contributed of around 10-30% of total emission for SO₂, NOx and BC while emission contributions for other species were relatively small. The crop residue open burning (CROB) emission has the second highest share of the emissions around 5-40%. Transportation sector is the highest emission contribution (about 89%) in this study because of large number of vehicles and traffic congestion. The other sectors’ shares in total emission are small. Temporally, a month of June had higher emissions because it is dry season. Spatially, higher emission intensity was seen in downtown areas, namely Lanmadaw, Latha, Pabedan and Kyauktada because of high traffics. The estimation comprises both the global warming potential (GWP) of warming agents which are NOx, NMVOC, CO, BC and GHGs (positive forcing) and cooling agents which are OC and SO₂ (negative forcing). The total annual GWP of warming agents in Gg was resulted 7947 (20 year horizon) and 1526 (100 year horizon), and the total GWP of cooling agents was around -1038 (20 year horizon) and -292 (100 year horizon).Transportation sector is the largest source. Therefore, fuel switching to natural gas (CNG) and improving public transportation system will greatly improve air quality. For the industrial sector as the largest source, industries should provide cleaner production and emission control strategies. The third largest source is CROB where the government should set policies to control open burning in the area. |
| Year | 2017 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering and Management (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Nguyen, Thi Kim Oanh; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Annachhatre, Ajit P.;Ekbordin Winijkul;Permadi, Didin Agustian; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Scholarship; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2017 |