Development of on-road emission inventory using dynamic vehicle population model in Naypyitaw, Myanmar | |
| Author | Kaung Htet Swan |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-18-13 |
| Subject(s) | Air quality management--Myanmar--Naypyitaw Motor vehicles--Fuel consumption--Myanmar--Naypyitaw Vehicles--Environmental aspects--Myanmar--Naypyitaw |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the d egree of Master of Engineering in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. EV-18-13 |
| Abstract | Transportation sector is one of the largest emission sources in Myanmar. Before 2011, citizens have to use very old vehicles and cannot import new vehicles from other countries. Since 2011, Myanmar government started the overage vehicles replacement progra m to remove very old vehicles from Myanmar roads for concerns of safety and environmental problems. However, second - hand vehicles were still a large portion in Myanmar’s vehicle fleet. Most of the used cars are imported from Japan, Europe, Korea and Thail and. National Environmental Quality (Emissions) Guidelines have been established in 2015 in Myanmar. However, no air pollution emission standards and regulation for vehicle emission control were available. This study focuses on developing emission inven tory EI for on - road vehicles (passenger cars, light duty vehicles, heavy duty vehicles and buses) in Naypyitaw, Myanmar using the dynamic vehicle population model, Speciated Pollutant Emission Wizard - Trend (SPEW - Trend). Information of vehicle fleet, i.e. f uel consumption, retirement rates, cumulative services, annual mileage required for model development were collected from the Road Transport Administration Department (RTAD) and surveys at different locations in Naypyitaw. Particulate Matter (PM), Carbon m onoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC) and oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emission from on - road vehicles during 2010 to 2030 in Naypyitaw was estimated using the IPCC’s A1B fuel projection for the future year. From survey, the average mileages were 21674 km per year, 2 8801 km per year, 35975 km per year and 36601 km per year for passenger cars, light - duty vehicles, heavy - duty vehicles and buses respectively. In Naypyitaw, 39% of the vehicle population were gasoline vehicles and 61% were diesel vehicles. The fuel sale da ta in 2017 showed that diesel consumption was 291 tons and gasoline consumption was 224 tons which was much lower than fuel consumption in Yangon. The average ages of the passenger cars, light duty vehicles, heavy - duty vehicles and buses are 13.5 years, 11 .2 years, 9.8 years and 8.9 years respectively. In 2017, the SPEW - Trend model estimated that vehicle emitted 711 tons of PM, 10792 tons of CO, 4560 tons of NOx and 9556 tons of HC. The emission of vehicles in Naypyitaw were increasing in the future project ions because rapid increases in vehicle population in the city. The Euro I heavy - duty vehicles would be all retired. On the other hand, the cleanses vehicles were Euro IV light duty gasoline and diesel vehicles. The total emission in 2030 were 1 036 tons, 2 3449 tons , 10079 tons and 20967 tons for PM, CO, NO x and HC, respectively. This EI study was the first emission inventory of on - road vehicles for Myanmar’s capital city, Naypyitaw which could provide useful information for not only managing air quality in the city, but also identifying missing information for further studies. |
| Year | 2018 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | Asian Institute of Technology. Thesis ; no. EV-18-13 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Ekbordin Winijkul; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh;Than Lin;Permadi, Didin Agustian; |
| Degree | Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2018 |