Effects of final bleaching stage using hydrogen peroxide (Eq.) and peracetic acid in the ECF bleaching of acacia DED kraft pulps | |
| Author | Ermawan, Dede |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.PP-11-07 |
| Subject(s) | Kraft pulping process Wood-pulp--Bleaching |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Pulp and Paper Technology |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. PP-11-07 |
| Abstract | Effects of final bleaching of D 0 E OP D 1 acacia kraft pulp using various bleaching chemical such as chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide and per acetic acid (eq.) had been studied in laboratory scale. Raw material used D 0 EOP pulp was taken from fiber line 1 of PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper, Indonesia. D 0 EOP pulp was bleached by D 1 stage in specific condition to obtain optimal chemical charge to produce three kinds of specific brightness pulps namely 85, 87, 89% ISO. Henceforth, these pulps will be referred to A pulp, B pulp, and C Pulp respectively. Afterward, Each D 1 pulp was final bleached by chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peracetic acid (eq.) in specific condition to obtain optimal chemical charge to produce 90% brightness pulps. Larger amount of final bleached pulps were produced for chemical analysis, optical and physical properties. Bleaching filtrate was also collected to perform environmental parameter analysis such as COD and TSS. Effect of beating on final bleached pulp was also studied by applying 0, 2000, and 4000 beating revolution. As comparison, mill D 2 pulp was also involved in all stages of properties measurement. In bleaching of chlorine dioxide 1 (D 1 ), three chemical charges had been obtained to produce A, B and C pulps those are respectively 1.5 , 2.5 and 9 kg active chlorine/tp. In bleaching of chlorine dioxide 2 (D 2 ), demand of chemical to achieve 90% ISO brightness is 10, 9, and 1.5 kg active chlorine/tp respectively for A, B and C pulp. Meanwhile, demand of hydrogen peroxide charge is 6, 4 and 1.5 kg/tp. While, Demand of chemical in PAA stage is unreachable target for A pulp, 2 kg/tp for B pulp and <1 kg/tp for C pulp. In the end of PAA bleaching, residual of hydrogen peroxide can be found in considerable amount due to hydrogen peroxide is inert in low pH and temperature, therefore, it can be extent utilized by adding more retention time and p H change to more alkaline condition, as a result, demand of chemical in PAA/P to achieve brightness target is 1.5 kg/tp and 1 kg/tp for A and B pulp respectively. Brightness reversions of DPAA/P pulps are lower than DD, DP or DPAA pulps. There is not significant effect of different initial D 1 pulp brightness on fully bleached pulp brightness reversion; average % reversion is -2.04% , -2.51%, -1.50%, -1.32%, and -1.62% respectively for mill D 2, DD, DP, DPAA/P, and DPAA pulps. Generally, there is no major different on strength properties and fiber morphology among final bleached pulps. However, extractive content in alkaline conditioned bleaching decrease significantly compare to acidic conditioned bleaching, as a results, DPAA/P pulps contain the lowest extractive, while DD pulps contain the highest extractive. The average extractive content is 0.26%, 0.31%, 0.08%, 0.05%, and 0.10% respectively for Mill D 2 , DP, DPAA/P, and DPAA. Moreover, even though P stage contributes to give higher COD and SS and D stage gives also higher chloride and SS, but compare to BAT in bleaching it was still acceptable. In addition, preliminary study on cost based on chemical demand and price shows that DP and DPAA/P stages are significantly more expensive, while cost of DPAA maybe of interested when comparing with DD. |
| Year | 2011 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | Asian Institute of Technology. Thesis ; no. PP-11-07 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development |
| Department | Department of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (Former title: Department of Food Agriculture, and BioResources (DFAB)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Pulp and Paper Technology (PP) |
| Chairperson(s) | Basta, Jiri. |
| Examination Committee(s) | Nazhad, Mousa M.;Lehtinen, Esa |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper, Indonesia |
| Degree | Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2011 |