Assessment of a faecal sludge management situation in Cambodia using a faecal sludge management toolbox | |
| Author | Choum Chomnan |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-18-08 |
| Subject(s) | Sludge disposal Sanitation--Cambodia Sewage sludge--Developing countries--Management |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master ofEngineeringinEnvironmental Engineering and Managemen |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. EV-18-08 |
| Abstract | This study provides the assessment of Faecal Sludge management (FSM) situation in three cities of Cambodia, which are Pursat, Kampong Chhnang, andPhnom Penh. The specific objectives were to assess the existing FSM situation and determine the proportion of excreta that are safely or unsafely managedalong thesanitation service chain in three cities and also evaluation of the financialand Technical feasibility of FSM service in Phnom Penh city. A field-basedstudy by doing key informants interview, the observationwasdone for collecting the primary data. To complement primary data collection, the desk-basedstudywas carried out to collectthe secondary data from available documents. FSM toolbox was applied to analyze in this study. Situational Assessment Tool (SAT) wasused to evaluate the existing FSM situation that reflectson keyaspects such as infrastructure, regulation, institution, capacity, awareness and financial/management. To determine the excreta flow outcome, Shit Flow Diagram Tool (SFD) was applied to illustrate the excreta pathway along the FSM service. Finally, the Financial and Assessment Tool (FAT) used to provides an overview of financial transaction and technology solution for FSM improvement in the selectedcity. The analysis of the study findingconfirms that the existing of FSM situation in Pursat and Kampong Chhnang city, they were found in poor condition (22-33%) that indicates the veryhigh-risk situation. It was also evaluated in below average condition(33-44%) for Phnom Penh city that reflects moderate risk situation. Moreover, the study also found that 89% of the excreta was not managedsafely for Pursat while it was estimated to be 18% of excreta managedsafelyin Kampong Chhnang. However, the proportion of excreta managedsafelyin PhnomPenh was a higherpercentage thatfound to be 41%. It was foundthat the containment systems mostly were cesspool system and lacking FSM treatment facilities. Therefore, the need forproperly containment system and FSM treatment facilities must be in placein cities for improving the level of safely managed.This study also providesthe technical and financial feasibility ofthe FSM service for improving the situation of FSM challenge in Phnom Penh city. It was foundthat about 3,120 m3/day of FS generated that required the totalvacuum truck about 227 trucks to remove the FS in Phnom Penh city. The appropriated treatment technologies were suggestedthat settler is used in primary treatment while Anaerobic Filter (AF) is applicable for pre-effluent. Sand drying bed used as dewatering system and lime addition is suitable for sludge treatment while filtration is for post-effluent. Regarding financial viability, the total project was estimatednearly 11 million USD that will generateannual incomestarting fromyear 1 to year 20 of the project study. The study was found to be acceptable to implement by following the condition of financial indicatorswhich are Debt Service Ration (DSCR), Financial Internal Rate Return (FIRR), Net Present Value (NPV), Loan Life Coverge Ratio, Project Life Coverge Ratio, and Weight Average Cost of Capital (WACC). The result depicted DSCRvalue of 10.9,FIRRvalue of 61.40%, project NPVvalue of 42,133,200 USD. Also, equity of NPV,LLCR, PLCR, WACC, and cost of equity with the estimated value of 30,917,814 USD, 14.84, 22.24, 6% and 15%, respectively.This study presents the initial steps to gain a deeperunderstanding of the current FSM situation issue and financial transaction and technical solution for FSM service in Cambodia. |
| Keyword | Thai Pipe Scholarship |
| Year | 2018 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | Asian Institute of Technology. Thesis ; no. EV-18-08 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Thammarat Koottatep; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Chettiyappan Visvanathan;Ekbordin Winijkul;Chapagain, Saroj K.; |
| Degree | Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2018 |