Assessment of fecal sludge management practices using FSM planning tools: a case study of Yangon city, Myanmar | |
| Author | Takano, Koki |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-19-10 |
| Subject(s) | Sewage sludge--Health aspects--Myanmar--Yangon Wastewater--Treatment Sewage sludge--Myanmar--Yangon--Management |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | This study was conducted with the aim to examine the current status of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) in the city of Yangon, Myanmar focusing on household level practices, FS flow as well as the regulatory and institutional settings. Yangon City like many of urban developing cities does not have an appropriate urban waste management system in place including municipal solid waste, wastewater and FS treatments since the governing body of the city, Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) is facing the lack of managerial, technological and financial resources and capacities. Due to the lack of accurate information, at present it is not precisely known that how much FS is generated, collected and treated or disposed in a safe manner which could result in the overall poor management of urban sanitation in the city. To meet the objectives, a household questionnaire survey was carried out in the selected townships as well as “Shift Flow Diagram Tool (SFD), “Regulatory and Institutional Assessment Tool” were performed. The household questionnaire survey revealed that 99.4 % of respondents were able to access improved sanitation while 0.6 % had no access. The use of pour flush latrine with septic tank was most common in the study areas (45.9 %) followed by flush toilet with sewer (21.5%). The proportion of pour flush larine with cesspool and flush latrine with septic tank were at the same level (10.5 %). The SFD illustrated overall only 34 % of discharged FS was handled safely and the remaining 64 % of them was managed unsafely in Yangon City due to the narrow coverage of urban sewer as well as the neglect of periodical containment emptying. In terms of legislation, no particular laws and regulations coping with FSM exist at present indicating that country’s regulatory status on FSM is still at an early stage of development. The large number of regulation gaps were found at all stages of FSM service chain including emptying, transportation and treatment which were identified as weakness and threats. Furthermore, the study found roles and responsibilities of FSM implementers and stakeholders were divided into many parts and carried by several different ministries and development committees which contributed to the inefficient management and operation of FSM projects. |
| Year | 2019 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Thammarat Koottatep; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Shipin, Oleg V.;Xue, Wenchao; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Asian Institute of Technology Fellowship ; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2019 |