Development of residential emission inventory and potential future emission reduction scenarios for Kabul city, Afghanistan | |
| Author | Hashmi, Sayed Kazem |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-19-20 |
| Subject(s) | Carbon dioxide mitigation--Afghamistan--Kabul Air--Pollution--Afghamistan--Kabul Air quality management--Afghamistan--Kabul |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | Understanding of energy consumption pattern and quantification of emissions in residential area were highly important for determining the impacts and figuring out solution for air pollution problems. This study focused on development of residential emission inventory and potential future emission reduction scenarios in Kabul city. CO, CH4, NMVOC and PM were estimated for household cooking and heating in 2018. Then, cleanest current fuel and improved stove scenarios were examined to identify level of pollution reduction. The result showed that household cooking consumed around 5.93 PJ/yr of energy. NG provided highest energy consumption source for urban and sub-urban areas accounting for 3.67 and 1.15 PJ/yr. For heating, households consumed around 7.04 PJ/yr of energy. Mainly, fuelwood was major energy source for heating by accounting 2.3, 1.3 and 0.5 PJ/yr, respectively. Traditional heating stove (Bukhari and Chari) were commonly used as heating appliances in the area. Emission calculation indicated that household cooking emitted 162.4, 669.5, 84.5 and 125.6 tons/year of PM, CO, CH4 and NMVOC in the city. Urban households were responsible for highest emissions for the pollutants accounting 1296, 14052, 685 and 777 t/yr. On the other hand, household heating emitted 2505, 26711, 1315 and 1485 of PM, CO, CH4 and NMVOC. For emission reduction, switching to electricity and NG for cooking activity reduced PM, CO, NMVOC and CH4 to 97%, 100%, 100% and 95%, where adoption of improved cook-stove scenario reduced emissions of pollutants to 97%, 90%, 83% and 88%, respectively. On the other hand, cleanest fuel scenario for household heating provided a total emission reduction of 99%, 100%, 100% and 99% for PM, CO, CH4 and NMVOC, where improved heating-stove scenario provided 98%, 90%, 41% and 40% of PM, CO, CH4 and NMVOC emission reduction. The cleanest fuel scenario provided highest emission reduction in the area. |
| Year | 2019 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering and Management (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Ekbordin Winijkul; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Visvanathan, C.;Sasaki, Nophea ; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE), Afghanistan;Asian Institute of Technology Fellowship ; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2019 |