1 AIT Asian Institute of Technology

Field survey and laboratory studies on salt water contamination issues in the Mekong Delta

AuthorTran Duc Thang
Call NumberAIT Thesis no. EV-02-28
Subject(s)Water--Pollution--Mekong Delta
NoteA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of thtH=equirements for the degree of Master of Engineering. School of Environment, Resources and Development
PublisherAsian Institute of Technology
Series StatementThesis ; no. EV-02-28
AbstractThe water usage in Vietnamese rural areas was investigated in an extensive field study of the Can Gio and Go Cong Dong districts of southern Vietnam. Questionnaire and sampling survey were carried out at the same time. The results indicated these coastal communities were dependant on water obtained from dry wells, boreholes with hand pumps, rainwater harvesting and surface water. 67 % and 55 % of total households in Go Cong Dong and Can Gio use clean water, respectively. The existing clean water consumption in rural coastal household is 30 to 40 L/capita/day. The improper water resource management has resulted in the majority of these sources being contaminated with high total dissolved solids (TDS), iron content and organic pollution of up to 6 g/L (in Can Gio1 s ground water), 30 mg/L and 20 mg TOC/L, respectively. The selection of an abundant brackish water source combined with feasible desalination techniques can be reasonable approach in rural coastal areas. RO is now a prominent method used for seawater desalination due to high purity effluent. The most important maintenance problem associated with RO operation is the membrane fouling, especially biological fouling (biofouling). The second part of this thesis work focuses on the aspects to eliminate biofouling on RO membrane. Lab-scale experiments, which were separated into batch and continuous experiment, were conducted. Brackish water of 10 g TDS/L was used as feed water in both experiments. The batch experimental (biological granular activated carbon) filter results revealed that fluidized bed (BGAC) at 30 min empty bed contact time (EBCT), with initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of 40 mg/L can be utilized effectively to remove nearly 100% biodegradable DOC from brackish water. Continuous pretreatment system, which was employed at the optimum condition from the batch experiment, included attached growth and suspended growth. Attached growth system composed BGAC combined with microfiltration membrane (MF), whilst, suspended growth one employed membrane bioreactor (MBR) concept. The performance of membrane fouling, DOC removal efficiency, transmembrane pressure was investigated in both attached growth and suspended growth system. The results show that attached growth system produced better effluent with 80 % DOC removal efficiency and quasi-total biodegradable DOC removal. Even after 40 days of operation, chemical cleaning was not necessary and both systems showed a good performance of transmembrane pressure.
Year2002
Corresponding Series Added EntryAsian Institute of Technology. Thesis ; no. EV-02-28
TypeThesis
SchoolSchool of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD)
DepartmentDepartment of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC))
Academic Program/FoSEnvironmental Engineering and Management (EV)
Chairperson(s)Visvanathan, C.
Examination Committee(s)Lin, C. Kwei ; Nguyen Cong Thanh
DegreeThesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2002


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