Fine particulate matter pollution in the Bangkok metropolitan region : trends, spatial distribution and source apportionment | |
| Author | Vorramaz Thammapinan |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-04-23 |
| Subject(s) | Pollution--Thailand--Bangkok Air--Pollution--Thailand--Bangkok |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering, School of Environment, Resources and Development |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. EV-04-23 |
| Abstract | Size-segregated levels of air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters from 2.5 to 10 μm (PM10_2.5) and less than 2.5μm (PM2.5), and their chemical compositions were investigated at the AIT site for the source contributions study. Two collocated Sierra Anderson dichotomous samplers collected 24-hour PM2.5 and PM10-2.s in Teflon, mixed cellulose-ester and quartz-fiber filters. The sampling was conducted in the day period (15 January - 4 May 2004). Teflon samples were analyzed for elements by energy dispersive xray fluorescence (EDXRF) and for mass by a gravimetric method using a microbalance. Mixed cellulose-ester samples were analyzed for mass, black carbon (BC) by reflectometer and ionic composition by ion chromatography(IC). Quartz samples, too, were analyzed for ionic composition by IC. Four samples of PM2.5 during the study period exceeded the U.S. EPA PM2.5 standards of 65 μg/m3 . Only one PM10 exceeded the Thai National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 120 μg/m3 . The overall ranges of PM25 and PM10 were 5-85 μg/m3 and 10- 132 μg/m3 , respectively. The average PM2.5-to-PM10 ratios at sampling site was 0.66, indicating that the fine fraction was dominant over the coarse fraction. The correlation between PM2.5 and PM10 was 0.87. The BC (41 %) was the major component of PM2.s followed by the sulfate (25%). Crustal elements (45%) and nitrate ion (12%) were significant in PM10-2.s. The trend was analyzed using data from of PM2.5 from the Pollution Control Department (PCD) (Din Deang and Bansomdej stations) which showed high, with many days having episodic, concentrations that exceeded the U.S. EPA standard during the Thai winter period, lower in summer and lowest in the rainy season. Meteorological parameters, temperature, relative humidity and wind direction, could explain for the significantly high and low concentration days. Results of a chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model showed that the major contributions at AIT are from biomass/refuse waste burning (39%), diesel traffic (33%) and secondary sulfate (23%). These comprised about 90 percent of the fine mass. Construction, resuspended soil (47%) and biomass/refuse burning (16%) were the major sources in the coarse fraction, accounting for 50% of the mass contribution. |
| Year | 2004 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | Asian Institute of Technology.--Thesis ;--no. EV-04-23 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Other Field of Studies (No Department) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering and Management (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh |
| Examination Committee(s) | Shim, Shang Gyoo; Mingquan Wichayarangsaridh |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Royal Thai Government Fellowship |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2004 |