Daytime and nighttime fluctuation of particulate matter levels and compositions in association with the source contributions : a case study of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) during wet season | |
| Author | Tisanin Apibunyopas |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-06-50 |
| Subject(s) | Air--Pollution--Thailand|zBangkok Particles |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Environment, Resources and Development |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. EV-06-50 |
| Abstract | Nowadays, particulate matters in both fine (PM2.5) and coarse fraction (PM10-2.5) are universal concerned due to their adverse effects to human. This study is designed to determine the levels and compositions of PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) campus, a suburb site of Bangkok for daytime and nighttime separately. Subsequently, the source apportionment of daytime and nighttime PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 was also performed using a receptor model (PMF2) to identify the contributing sources to the PM. Furthermore, the study also investigated possible long-range transport of particulate matter to the monitoring site using backward trajectory analysis. Fifty three pairs of 12-h average PM7.5 and PM10-2.5 were collected on quartz fiber and mixed cellulose ester filters using two co-located Sierra Anderson dichotomous samplers during the rainy season of Thailand (18 April - 23 August, 2006). The samples on mixed cellulose filters were analyzed for black carbon and elements, while mass concentration and ionic species analyses were determined using quartz fiber filters. Higher concentrations of both PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 in the nighttime were observed than those in the daytime (67% for PM2.5 and 58% for PM10-2.5 samples). The 12-h average concentration of PM2.5 was 19 ug/m³ (2-37 ug/m³) for daytime and of 22 ug/m³ (9-54 ug/m³) for nighttime. For PM₁₀, the average concentrations of 37 ug/m³ (15-57 ug/m³) and 40 ug/m³ (12-39 ug/m³) were identified during daytime and nighttime, respectively. Twenty seven days were observed with PM2.5 exceeding the new US EPA 24-h standard (35 ug/m³) and 2 days had PM₁₀ levels higher than the Thailand ambient air quality standard (120 ug/m³). S0₄²⁻ was a major ionic species in PM2.5, whereas Ca²⁺, N0₃⁻ and C1⁻ were dominant in PM10-2.5. During both daytime and nighttime, the major component of PM10-2.5 was crustal materials that account for 4.98% and 3.90%, respectively. S0₄²⁻(9.34%) and BC (8.89%) were the major component of PM2.5 during daytime, whereas S0₄²⁻ (7.90%) and BC (10.77%) were also significant at night (percent by mass). PMF2 analysis identified six contributing sources to PM10-2.5 and five contributing sources to PM2.5. The major sources of PM10-2.5 were construction and soil during both daytime and nighttime, whereas high contributions of diesel and biomass burning were determined for PM2.5. Sea salt and combustion (refuse burning) were contributed significantly to PM10-2.5 and PM2.5, respectively, at night. A study of potential long-range transport of PM based on 10-day backward trajectories using HYSPLIT model confirms that the PM concentrations during the rainy season mostly affected by local, rather than distant sources. Further study is recommended for the dry season to get a more complete picture of daytime and nighttime PM at the site in a year. |
| Year | 2006 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | Asian Institute of Technology. Thesis ; no. EV-06-50 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Other Field of Studies (No Department) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh |
| Examination Committee(s) | Chongrak Polprasert; Wanna Chueinta |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | RTG Fellowship |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2006 |