| Abstract | The study was aimed at determining the status and potentiality of biofuel production in all 76 provinces in Thailand based on quantitative and qualitative analyses using GIS. Five selected crops Sugarcane, Corn, Cassava, Soybean and Oil palm were mainly considered based on land-use suitability with five suitability classes S₁, S₂, S₃, N₁, N₂ and cost benefit analyses. Selected crops found suitable to grow in different provinces; sugarcane, corn, cassava, soybean, oil palm respectively in 60, 75, 61, 60, and 14 provinces in Thailand. Cassava, Sugarcane and Corn showed the highest potential for ethanol production capacity of 71,540, 77,520 and 25,521 million liters under highly to marginal suitable land category. For the same land category, oil palm and soybean showed the potential to produce 9,522 and 6,595 million liters of biodiesel. Nakhon Ratchasrima province showed highest potential for sugarcane based biofuel production over 1000 million liters under S₁ class, while Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chonburi, Kampaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khonkaen, Loei, Lopburi, Nakhon Ratchasrima, Prachuap Khilikhan, Rayong, Tak, Udonthani and in Nakhon Sawan provinces showed moderate potentials grater than 500 million liters for the same. Kanchanaburi showed highest potential for cassava based biofuel production of 1,901 million liters under S₁ class followed by Nakhon Ratchasrima province of 1,660 million liters. Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Cha Choeng Sao, Kampaeng Phet, Loei, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Sakaeo, Suphanburi, Tak, Udonthani, Nakhon Sawan and Sukhothai provinces showed potential for 500- 1000 million liters under the same suitability class. The highest potential observed in Nakhon Ratchasrima province, showed 369 million liters of biofuel production by corn under S₁ class while Phetchabun, Kanchanaburi, Khonkaen, Krabi, Loei, Lopburi, Nakhon ratchasrima, Sakaeo, Suratani, and Nakhon Sawan showed the potential between 200 - 500 million liters under the same category. The highest biodiesel production potential in S₁ class by using soybean was observed in Nakhon Ratchasrima province with 150 million liters. And 50 to 100 million liters of potential yield was observed in Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Kampaeng Phet, Khonkaen, Loei, Tak and Nakhon Sawan provinces. Krabi province showed the highest potential for oil palm based biodiesel production of 1,343 million liters under S, class followed by Suratani province of 1,282 million liters. The potential biodiesel production was between 200- 500 million liters in Naratiwat, Phangnga, Phatalung and Yala provinces under the same suitability category. Thailand has very high overall potential when considered the other suitability classes as well in which the yields and capacity can be improved by proper management practices. |