| Abstract | In the process of assessing the status and potentiality of establishing small and medium scale agro-industries in Kampong Cham province in Cambodia, thirty farmer enterprises and forty agro-processing industries were studied with supplementary of primary and secondary data resources through questionnaire survey. The emphasis was given to understand the status and potential in terms of socio-economic benefits, education and skills necessary through technology transfer, supporting and services structure through infrastructure and policy development. Farmer enterprises and agro-processing enterprises were classified based on present capital investment and the land size for cultivation. Crop commodities were identified and ranked under each classification with their potentiality in terms of product standards, market potential, production volume and net profit generation. Among thirty farmer enterprises in terms of production volume, small category (less 2ha) found potential for Banana, Cassava, and Corn products, while medium category (2-10 ha) showed potential for cassava Mungbean and Soybean. The large category (more 10 ha) was highly potential for bamboo shoot, Corn and Cashew nut. In terms of net profit generation, the ranking found to be Cassava, Bamboo shoot. Banana, Soybean, Corn, Munabean. and Cashew nut. Among forty agro-processing enterprises in terms of operating volume, small category (less US$ 5,000) found potential for fruits and vegetables, starch and bakery while, medium category (US$ 5,000-20,000) found potential for starch, grains, fish, fruit and vegetables. The large category (more US$ 20,000) found potential only for rubber. In terms of profit generation, small and medium category showed promising for processing starch, grains, fruits and vegetables, bakery and fish products. Large scale solely depended on rubber processing. Finally, through the SWOT analysis and based on results, potential commodities were identified under each category with capital, infrastructure, equipment, technology transfer necessary, and the role of public and private sector to enhance the system was also outlined |