Relationship between indoor and outdoor air pollution in public buildings in Thailand | |
| Author | Kasama Srimongkol |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-06-13 |
| Subject(s) | Air--Pollution--Thailand--Bangkok Public buildings--Environmental aspects--Thailand--Bangkok |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, School of Environment, Resources and Development |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | Air monitoring was carried out to collect data of indoor and outdoor air constituents in two microenvironments (university and public building with heavy traffic) in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region on weekdays and weekends. Sampling was conducted during the dry period of the year, January-February 2006. The air pollutants measured include fine particle (PM2.5), CO, C02, NO2, S02, and BTEX. Particulate samples were also analyzed for water soluble ions. Two classrooms at AIT were monitored which show 1/0 ratios of C02, ethylbenzene, mxylene and benzene are larger than 1 during weekdays indicating that indoor sources of these pollutants present. On weekend, all I/O ratios of the measured pollutants are lower than 1 indicating predominance of outdoor sources. The average indoor pollutants levels in room E220 (carpet with central air conditioner) were lower than room E222 (no carpet and stand-alone air conditioner) except for PM2.5. The reason may be the higher occupancy of E222 which was also shown by higher indoor C02 concentrations, often exceeded 1000 ppm during lecture hours, suggesting inadequate ventilation. For the public place, monitoring was conducted at a department store (indoor), its car park, and the front ground (outdoor) as well as an ambient site, the Bangkok University. Except for toluene and CO2, all other measured pollutants at the car park were at the highest concentrations. For CO2, the highest concentration was found inside the department store, occurred at 16:00 to 20:00, reaching 2000 ppm which was linked to insufficient ventilation. I/O ratios of all measured pollutants in the department store were found to be greater than 1, which indicates a presence of indoor source. The results show that the I/O ratios at public building were higher than those at classroom. Of the three study groups (AIT students, guards in car park, and sale persons in the department store) AIT students were found the least exposed to PM2.5, CO, NO2, SO2, and BTEX. Daily personal exposure of AIT students on weekday for P`1, 5, CO, NO2 and SO2 was 46.8g/m3, 1.2 mg/m3, 14.1 and 8.2g/m3, respectively. For benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and ni- xylene (BTEX) the daily exposure on weekday was 4.1, 9.3, 2.8, and 1.6 g/m3, respectivel}'. On weekend, daily personal exposure was 48.3g/m3 for PM2.5 and for CO 0.9 mg/m , while that for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m- xylene was 6.1, 8.7, 2.9, and 2.4 g/m3, respectively. The highest exposed group to air pollution was guards in the car park. On weekday, daily personal exposure of guards for PM2,5, CO, N02 and S02 was 50.9 g/m3, 4.9 mg/m3, 108, and 37.6 g/m3, respectively, while for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, mxylene and o-xylene the expossure was 30, 16.6, 5.0, 4.8, 12.9, and 9.1 g/m3, respectively. On weekend, the exposure for guards for most pollutants was even higher with the daily personal exposure for PM2.5, CO, N02 and S02 was 69g/m3, for 5.9 mg/m3,, 170.6 and 41.9g/m3, respectively, while the value for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, mxylene, and o-xylene was 31, 54.1, 5.3, 3.5, 10.8, and 5.9g/m3, respectively. The sale persons in department store were found to be the highest exposed to PM 2.5 (70.5g/m3) and toluene (124.2 g/m3). |
| Year | 2006 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering and Management (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Oanh, Nguyen Thi Kim; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Preeda Parkpian ;Thammarat Koothatep |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Her Majesty the Queen of Thailand ; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2006 |