Assessment of toxicity and genotoxicity of emissions from selected domestic fuel-stove combustion systems in Asia | |
| Author | Le Hoang Nghiem |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-99-11 |
| Subject(s) | Stoves--Asia Combustion gases--Toxicology--Asia |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering, School of Environment, Resources and Development |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | Smoke samples were coll ected isokinetically in accordance with the modified U.S. EPA Method 5 from three selected fuel-stove systems, kerosene stove, biomass briquette stove, and wood stove. The particulate and gas phase samples of organic compounds were solvent extracted to obtain the extractable organi c compounds (EOM) fractions. Concurrent toxicity tests and genotoxicity tests were performed on EOM samples from the both particulate and the gas phase. Acute toxicity test by the MicrotoxTM analyzer Model 500 indicated that most of toxicity of smoke from three selected fuel-stove systems was found in the gas phase. The highest toxicity in term of Toxicity Units per cubic meter of smoke was found in smoke sampl es of biomass briquette cookstove and lowest for smoke samples of kerosene cookstove. Genotoxic activities, as detected by the Ames test with the bacterial tester strains - Salmonella typhimurium T A98 and TA I 00 was mostly detected in the gas phase samples. All EOM samples showed both direct- and indirect-acting frameshift mutagenic activities for strain TA98. However, there is only direct-acting base pair mutagenic activities detected for strain TAlOO. The highest mutagenic activity in term of Mutagenic Index (Revertants per cubic meter of smoke) was found in smoke samples of wood cookstove, followed by smoke samples of biomass briquette cookstove. In the kerosene stove smoke non-mutagenicty was detected. For average daily cooking of a household of four persons, toxicity and mutagenicity emissions from daily cooking using kerosene cookstove is to be much lower than wood and biomass cook stove. The kerosene cookstove is the cleanest among of three selected cookstoves. Therefore it is recommended for a safer household cooking where it is economically feasible, especially for urban dwellings with poor ventilated kitchen. |
| Year | 1999 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering and Management (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Annachhtre, Ajit P. ;Preeda Parkpian ; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Government of Switzerland;Institut de Genie de l'Environnement;Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausann (EPFL) |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 1999 |