Impact of urbanization on marine water quality of Ha Long coastal area, Vietnam : a remote sensing and GIS approach | |
| Author | Tran Van Dien |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.SR-99-1 |
| Subject(s) | Marine pollution--Vietnam--Ha Long Geographic information systems Marine pollution--Remote sensing |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering, School of Environment Resources and Development |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | Recently, since economy reform, urbanization in Ha Long coastal area was rapid caused by increasing of population, recreation, tourism service and industrial development. Urbanization causes many environmental problems, which affects marine water quality of Ha Long Bay. Urban runoff is washing waste and pollutant and direct flow into bay through sewer or drainage system. Also increase of population means increase of the domestic solid waste and wastewater discharge into the bay system. This study uses remote sensing data and GIS technique to analysis these problems. The study assessed the extension of urban area using remote sensing data and has found that there was rapid increase of urban development during 1992-1998. The increase of dense urban was mainly from sparse urban, tidal wetland and mangrove forest. Large pollution loads in this area were estimated from pollution source survey data and landuse/cover map with assistant of GIS technique. BOD loads from domestic sources is the highest; the second is from livestock; while industrial sources and non-point sources only contribute small amount of pollutant. BOD inflow into Bai Chay Estuary, which is part of Ha Long Bay, was mainly from domestic sources, second from livestock. BOD inflow into Ha Long Bay including mainly from domestic loads, second from livestock and small amount from industrial sources. Total BOD inflow into Bai Chay Estuary is 2.57 ton/day and 3.14 ton/day into Ha Long Bay. Mass balance of BOD was calculated using box mixing method. Mass balance in Bai Chay Estuary is 2.41 ton/day and in Ha Long Bay is 5.59 ton/day. The pollution loads into Ha Long Bay increased 0.68 ton/day in comparison to in 1992 due to rapid population increase and tourism development. The changes in landuse/cover by rapid urbanization contribute not much in increasing pollution into the Bay. BOD distribution maps were interpolated from sampling point measurements. High BOD distribution in the Bay was largely extended in rainy season and quite low in dry season. High BOD distribution in 1998 was extended largely around urban area in rainy season in compare with BOD distribution in rainy season of 1994. The impact of urban on water quality of Ha Long Bay was strongly rainy season in 1998. As a whole, it was concluded that, currently, the impacts of urbanization on water quality of Ha Long Bay only occur in rainy season due to washing urban runoff and wastewater discharge from tourism activities and population. The impact of urbanization on marine water quality of Ha Long coastal area is increasing. |
| Year | 1999 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Other Field of Studies (No Department) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Space Technology Application and Research (SR) |
| Chairperson(s) | Honda, Kiyoshi; |
| Examination Committee(s) | Kaew Nualchawee ;Samarakoon, Lal; |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | French Government; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 1999 |