| Author | Dang, Quoc Tuan |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no. AE-93-20 |
| Subject(s) | Food--Analysis
|
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Engineering. |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Series Statement | Thesis ; no. AE-93-20 |
| Abstract | Two methods to extract essential oil from dried Star anise fruits (Illicium verum Hook) namely steam distillation and liquid CO 2 extraction, and one method of oleoresin extraction using conventional solvents, were studied and the physic:;tl and chemical properties of Star anise essential oil such as color, specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation and anethole content were determined. The yield of essential oil by st~am distillation was 10.4 mL/lOOg of the raw material having an initial moisture content of 12.7% (w.b.) and the rate of distillation was dependent on particle size of Star anise fruit powder. The recommended particle size and time for steam distillation was 0.57 mm and 1.5 h., respectively. The modified Lentz's apparatus for liquid co 2 extraction had a working pressure of 6.5 MPa for liquid CO. The yield of essential oil by liquid co extraction was dependent on particfe size, while the working pressure was kepf constant. The recommended particle size for liquid co 2 extraction is 0.57 mm. The essential oil yield by liquid co2 was 9% higher than that of steam distillation. The Langmuir's adsorption model was used to fit the experimental data of the liquid co 2 extraction yield. The same model was used to describe the anethole yield of extraction. Four types of solvents, i.e. analytical grade and commercial ethanol, analytical grade and commercial hexane, were tested for oleoresin extraction. Commercial ethanol was best while hexane was poor as a solvent for oleoresin extraction. The extraction rate with ethanol w'as dependent on heat intensity and particle size. The extraction rate exhibited two phases of extraction. An initial linear period described by simple linear function was followed by an increased period which was described by an exponential function. A similar pattern of extraction was observed for anethole yield. The recommended time and particle size for ethanol extraction was 4 h and 0.57 mm, respectively. The energy consumption analysis shows that the energy consumed for ethanol extraction was highest while energy consumption for liquid CO extraction was the lowest. The energy required for ethanol extraction was 6.J times higher than the energy required for liquid co 2 extraction and the energy required for steam distillation was 5. 9 times higher than that of liquid co2 extraction (based on 1 kg of the essential oil). |
| Year | 1993 |
| Corresponding Series Added Entry | Asian Institute of Technology. Thesis ; no. AE-93-20 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (Former title: Department of Food Agriculture, and BioResources (DFAB)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Agricultural and Food Engineering (AE) |
| Chairperson(s) | Ilangantileke, S.G. |
| Examination Committee(s) | Jindal, V.K.;Athapol N.;Reutergardh, L.;Vincent, Jean Claude |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | The Government of Germany (DAAD). |
| Degree | Thesis (M. Eng.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 1993 |