| Author | Shukla, Arvind Kumar |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no. AE-92-30 |
| Subject(s) | Fishes--Feeding and feeds
|
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, School of Environment, Resources and Development |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | Bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf was investigated for the presence
of antinutrients namely, trypsin inhibitor (TI), cyanogen, phytate, tannin and
saponin. Treatments namely, boiling (Tl), soaking (T2). alkali treatment (T3),
drying (T4) and ensiling (T5) were evaluated for their efficacy to remove these
antinutrients. On the basis of chemical analysis the treatments were selected
and differently treated cassava leaf meal (CLM) based diets were prepared. These
diets were evaluated for their suitability in fish grow-out experiment. The
amount of Tl, HCN and phytic acid in untreated leaf were found to be 377 .6,
42.0 and 803.3 mg/kg, respectively. Tannin and saponin contents were found to
be 2.17 and 2.53%, respectively. Efficiency of the soaking and alkali treatment
for removal of most of the antinutrients was generally high. To remove TI and
HCN, alkali treatment, drying and ensiling, however, were found to be equally
good. Saponin and phytic acid were best removed by boiling while tannin removal
was most efficient by soaking followed by alkali treatment. Ensiling resulted in
increased tannin content. The treatments selected for the grow- out experiment
were drying, soaking, alkali treatment, and boiling. The treated dry leaf was
powdered and isonitrogenous diets were prepared and fed to Nile tilapia for 42
days. None of the treatments resulted iii a reduction of crude protein content
of CLM but the ash content was significantly reduced after every treatment
except drying. In comparison to control diet (Dl) fed fish the growth rate (GR)
and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish was very low when fed CLM based diets.
However, soaked and alkali treated CLM based diets showed comparatively better
results (0.44 and 0.40 g/day GR,respectively). The total digestibility (TD) and
apparent protein digestibility (APD) of CLM based diets were approximately 20
and 55%, respectively, while apparent net protein utilisation (ANPU) of these
diets were around 15%. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of these diets were
around 0. 7. The food conversion ratio (FCR) of boiled CLM based diet was
highest and that of control diet was lowest. All the digestibility and feed
utilisation parameters showed that the CLM based diets were poorer as compared
to control diet, however, soaked and alkali treated CLM based diets were
comparatively better. There was a significant loss of carcass lipid of fish fed
CLM based diets showing energy limitation of these diets. On the basis of the
fish grow- out experiment it was concluded that soaking and alkali treatments
were the best to remove most of the antinutrients efficiently for incorporation
of CLM in fish diet. However, the low dry matter digestibility of treated cassava
leaf meal remained as a major constraint. |
| Year | 1992 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (Former title: Department of Food Agriculture, and BioResources (DFAB)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Agricultural and Food Engineering (AE) |
| Chairperson(s) | Yakupitiyage, Amararatne |
| Examination Committee(s) | Edwards, Peter ;Little, David C.
|
| Scholarship Donor(s) | The Royal Netherlands Government; |
| Degree | Thesis (M.Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 1992 |