| Abstract | The world's annual electricity consumption is expected to increase from about 23,000 TWh in 2020 to about 37,000 TWh in 2040. The main electricity consumption sector is the building sector accounting for about 40%. To address climate change mitigation and to demonstrate the possibilities to reduce electricity consumption in buildings, a study was conducted at the Asian Institute of Technology to illustrate the steps and measures to be undertaken. This was done at two levels - AIT (institute) level and at a household level. Also, a brief analysis was carried out to understand the effects of cobid-19 on the electricity consumption at these two levels. There have been a number of studies on the electricity consumption at educational institutions, and they indicate that the consumption varies between 350 to 500 kWh/person and from 50 to 197 kWh/m2. These values were used to identify measures to improve efficiency, and the improvements were of the order of at least 10%. Estimates of electricity consumption of appliances in Thai households indicate that refrigerator's share of the total consumption is about 20%, while rice cooker, television, and fan share about 6% each. However, detailed long term studies (load profile, time of usage, etc) on appliances consumption are not available. The study at AIT level was mainly to compile information on electricity consumption, population and building area. Categories of (activity) groups, in terms of academic, administrative, student support, residences, research centres, conference center and other supports and the levels for each group (for example, in academic group, ALT is level 1, schools (level 2), departments (level 3) and academic programs (level 3) were identified. The electricity use data was available at substations and at buildings, while area data was available at buildings, and population data was available at level 3. The electricity consumption data in some buildings are either not measured or the meters were not working. So, the study aimed to compiled the data for each group, and at level I and 2. It was noted that ALT's population was 2,373 in 2019, and the total ground floor area of the campus buildings is 73,089 m2, and total floor area is 157,644 m". The campus electricity consumption varied from 0.8 to 1.3 million kWh per month, and the annual electricity intensity (excluding Staff dorm and Faculty house) is 4,359 kWh per person and 64.6 kWh per m2. This campus has similar electricity consumption compared with other universities. The electricity consumption quantity in ALT has been affected by covid-19, and the decrease in electricity consumption was of the order of about 11 %-15%. At household level, the total household electricity consumption typically is known by a meter reading once a month, and there is no data on individual appliances consumption, how long is it used, what is the stand by power, what is the share of each appliances consumption to the total, and the effect of covid-19 on household electricity consumption. In this study, the electricity usage pattern of six selected appliances during a 5 month period was measured using smart plugs and a smart meter, and the data analysed. The results indicate that the average electricity consumption of this household was 348 kWh per month. The average share of consumption of the refrigerator, television, microwave oven, fan, washing machine and rice cooker was 19.4%, 2.1%, 5.0%, 1.85%, 0.9%, and 2.0%, respectively. The observations also showed: (a) refrigerator compressor was working for about 25% of the time, (b) average usage time of the television was about 2 hours per day, ( c) the average warming up time of the rice cooker was 3 hours, (d) the average electricity consumption of washing machine was 80 Wh/wash, (e) there was slight changes in the electricity consumption of the fan at its 3 operating speeds, and (f) the average number of times used by the microwave was 9 times/day. These values are lower compared to the results of other studies in Thailand. The impact of covid-19 could be easily seen in the overall increase of household electricity consumption by about 20%, with corresponding increases in each appliances' use. The study at AIT level has given the recommendations for the next steps for the improvement of campus energy efficiency, while the study at household level has given data on various aspects of the appliances energy use pattern and their operating conditions. These information will be useful to implement activities to improve the efficiency of energy systems. |