| Abstract | This study attempts to estimate the GHG emission from non-agricultural biomass residues and processes. Annual GHG emission from forestry residues was estimated by determining first the forestry residues generated from merchantable bole extraction using the merchantable round wood commodity data from FAO. The residue decomposition pathways, microbial decomposition and the degradation by termites were considered and the emission factors for CO₂ , CH₄ were determined. The total CO₂, CH₄, and CO emissions amounted to 674.16-677 .22 Million metric tons (MMT), 0.3699-1.4243 MMT, and 0.0971 MMT, respectively. The dry weight of sawmilling residues was also determined from the FAO production yearbook. Estimated GHG emission from open burning and as fuels for boilers, respectively, were as follows: for CO₂, 35.293 MMT and 36.762 MMT; for CH₄, 0.144 MMT and 0.00415 MMT; for CO, 2.523 MMT and 0.415 MMT; and for NOx, 0.014 MMT and 0.0318 MMT. Carbon emission from pulping wastes was determined by mass balance approach, i.e. as the difference of the carbon in wood and the carbon in pulp, amounted to 6.56 MMT. Annual GHG production from MSW in landfills and open dumps was estimated using the recommended methodology from IPCC. For MSW disposed in open dumps, a correction factor was established to account for the organic materials that were subjected to aerobic decomposition. The annual estimated CO₂ and CH₄ emissions are 29.82 MMT and 10.84 MMT, respectively. For charcoal making, an extensive literature review was made prior to the establishment of the emission factors used in this study. Charcoal making from Asian countries released 2.314 MMT of CO₂, 1.249 MMT of CO, and 0.324 MMT of CH₄ in 1990. World CO₂ emission from charcoal making amounted to 15.526 MMT, while CO and CH₄ emissions from charcoal making amounted to 8.521 MMT and 2.213 MMT, respectively. Carbon emission from fossil fuels in the Asian countries listed in this study amounted to 1026.064 MMT annually. In comparison, carbon emission from forestry residues amounted to 184.973 MMT annually, or 18.03% of the carbon emitted from fossil fuels. Residues from sawmilling industry released 21.045 MMT of carbon, which is equivalent to 2.05 % of the carbon emitted from fossil fuels. Municipal solid wastes emitted 44.927 MMT of degradable organic carbon into the atmosphere, which is equivalent to 4.38 % of the total carbon emitted from fossil fuels. Lastly, charcoal making contributed 1.423 MMT of carbon, which is equal to 0.14% of the total carbon released from fossil fuel consumption. |