Process optimization of ultrasonication assisted extraction of bioactive extracts from bitter gourd (momordica charantia l.) combined with OKRA (abelmoschus esculentus l.) and evaluation of their antidiabetic properties | |
| Author | Siriluk Wuttimongkolkul |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.FI-22-01 |
| Subject(s) | Momordica charantia--Genetics Encapsulation Freeze-drying |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Food Innovation Nutrition and Health |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) have long been recognized for their anti-diabetic and medicinal properties because of their rich saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and antioxidants contents. To overcome the limitations of traditional methods with respect to time, energy, and solvent requirements, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), a sustainable extraction technique, can be of use to extract bioactive components in less time with less energy and solvent. The extraction variables of bioactive compounds and antioxidant yields were optimized using Response Surface Methodology. In this study, UAE with the effect of liquid solid ratio (10 to 30 ml/g), amplitude (50 to 100%) and duration time (10 to 20 min) was used to obtain the maximum bioactive compounds from their extracts. The extraction parameters of 20 ml/g, 80 % amplitude, and 20 minutes were found as the most desirable for ethanolic-bitter gourd extract. Likewise, for okra ethanolic-extraction, extraction parameters of 30 ml/g, 80 % amplitude, and 20 minutes were found to be the most desirable. Bitter gourd, okra, and their mixtures were also evaluated for their anti diabetic properties by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The highest IC50 of α amylase inhibition was found in herbal mixture (B1:O3) to be 11.81%. Similarly, IC50 of α-glucosidase inhibition from mixture extract (B1:O1) was 5.19%, which is the maximum, compared to the individual plant ability. In addition, microencapsulation by extrusion spraying technique was evaluated to improve the stability and protect them from environmental effects. It was also found that, the high concentration of sodium alginate as a coating material provided the maximum protection during in vitro releases in simulated gastrointestinal fluid as well as it exhibited greater encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity which were 84.70% and 74.22% respectively. In conclusion, the bitter gourd and okra demonstrated polyherbal combination ability, and were eventually encapsulated to achieve prolonged release of phenolic compounds. |
| Year | 2022 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development (SERD) |
| Department | Department of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (Former title: Department of Food Agriculture, and BioResources (DFAB)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Food Innovation, Nutrition and Health (FI) |
| Chairperson(s) | Anal, Anil Kumar, |
| Examination Committee(s) | Loc Thai Nguyen;Tsusaka, Takuji W. |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Her Majesty Queen's Scholarship |
| Degree | Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2022 |