Ultrasound-assisted and enzymatic extraction of bioactive extracts from bee pollen and evaluation of their nutraceutical attributes | |
| Author | Chowdhury, Maahiya Sinha |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.FI-24-03 |
| Subject(s) | Bee pollen Ultrasonic waves |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Food Innovation, Nutrition and Health |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | Bee pollen presents various potential biological benefits, yet its complex pollen wall may limit nutrient absorption and biological activity. This study investigated the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasonication, and their combination on nutrient release from BP. The treated pollen sample showed increased levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity compared to the untreated sample. Analysis of BP samples from different Thai regions reveals variations in pH (4.47-4.75) and aw (0.39-0.43), with high TPC levels (33.83-40.46 mg GAE/g) indicating potential health benefits; the study highlights essential bioactive components like total amino acids and antioxidants, with notable sample differences. The optimization of extraction parameters for bioactive compounds and antioxidant yields was conducted using Response Surface Methodology. Utilizing Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE), this study explored varying pH (4.5 to 8), amplitudes (50 to 100%), and durations (15 to 45 min) to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds from the samples. The extraction parameters of pH 6.25, amplitude of 90%, and a duration of 40 minutes were desirable for bee pollen extract. On the other hand, In the enzymatic hydrolysis process, pollen was blended with distilled water and protease enzymes (1-2% w/w) were added for durations of 2-4 hours. Optimal nutrient release from BPE was achieved with 2% enzyme concentration and a 3-hour duration. Bee pollen exhibits ACE inhibitory effects, with the activity of bee pollen extract (BPE) increasing significantly from 67.73% to 95.23% following combined treatments of enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonication. Additionally, microencapsulation was performed in order to enhance stability and protection against environmental influences. Also, it was found that higher concentration of Na-alginate and pectin when used as a coating material, offered highest level of protection in in vitro releases in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. Additionally, it demonstrated superior encapsulation efficiency with values of 80.17%. To summarize, enzymatic hydrolysis combined with UAE of bee pollen improves extraction efficiency and bioavailability, leading to encapsulation for extended release of phenolic compounds. |
| Year | 2024 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development |
| Department | Department of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (Former title: Department of Food Agriculture, and BioResources (DFAB)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Food Innovation, Nutrition and Health (FI) |
| Chairperson(s) | Anal, Anil Kumar |
| Examination Committee(s) | Loc, Thai Nguyen;Bhujel, Ram C. |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Her Majesty the Queen's Scholarship |
| Degree | Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2024 |