On-road emission inventory development for Chiang Mai, Thailand | |
| Author | Kanyakorn Puangpikul |
| Call Number | AIT Thesis no.EV-24-04 |
| Subject(s) | Air quality--Thailand--Chiang Mai Air quality managment--Thailand--Chiang Mai |
| Note | A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Management |
| Publisher | Asian Institute of Technology |
| Abstract | Chiang Mai, a popular tourist destination in Thailand, confronted air pollution challenges due to its geographical location and growing populations. Chiang Mai has been affected highly from agricultural waste open burning and forest fire. However, traffic emission worsened the problem because of heavy traffic from both local and tourist in the area. Thus, to better understand the contribution from traffic, a comprehensive database of on-road emissions specific to Chiang Mai was essential for effective pollution reduction strategies and improved air quality management. Analysis of vehicles using data collection, a parking lot questionnaire survey, and GPS tracking data revealed variations in emissions influenced by driving behaviors and conditions. Composite emission factors were calculated for different vehicle types using the IVE model, which was used with the vehicle travel activities obtained from the survey to calculate the emissions for various vehicle types in Chiang Mai, which consist of passenger cars (PC), motorcycles (MC), pickup (PU), public modified pickup (Song-Thaew), Taxi, Tuk-Tuk, and Bus. The results showed that in the base case of 2023, the vehicle fleets in Chiang Mai released significant emissions, with total emissions approximately 1,316,445 tons/year, primarily contributed by the diesel fuel PU fleet, followed by the PC fleet. Substantial emissions of VOCs, NOx, and CO totaled 10,311.2, 9,610.3, and 8,394.1 tons/year, respectively. Additionally, the total emissions from all vehicle types included SOx, PM, BC, OC, CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions, which were 1,497.9, 8,196.5, 2,424.1, 1,054, 1,250,448, 6,130.7, and 8,066.9 tons/year, respectively. Two emission reduction scenarios were evaluated. In Scenario I, the application of the Euro IV standard to all vehicle fleets, except MC and Tuk-Tuk, resulted in the greatest reductions in PM and SOx compared to other pollutants in overall emissions from this scenario. Subsequently, the total emissions were reduced to 1,263,493.7 tons/year. In Scenario II, assuming the upgrade to hybrid and electric vehicles for all PC and Tuk-Tuk fleets, a substantial decrease in emission reduction was observed. The most significant reductions were observed in PM and SOx, which declined to 3,431 (58%) and 638.7 tons/year (57%), respectively. Consequently, total emissions were reduced to 1,002,919.5 tons/year. The findings showed that the enhanced hybrid and electric vehicles considered in Scenario II, could substantially reduce traffic air pollution in Chiang Mai. This information thus important in policy formulation for addressing air pollution in the city. |
| Year | 2024 |
| Type | Thesis |
| School | School of Environment, Resources, and Development |
| Department | Department of Energy and Climate Change (Former title: Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change (DEECC)) |
| Academic Program/FoS | Environmental Engineering and Management (EV) |
| Chairperson(s) | Ekbordin Winijkul;Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh (Co-Chairperson) |
| Examination Committee(s) | Xue, Wencha |
| Scholarship Donor(s) | Royal Thai Government Fellowship |
| Degree | Thesis (M. Sc.) - Asian Institute of Technology, 2024 |